They have shown that there is extensive activation of the JAK-STAT signalling pathway, and an increased level of oxidant stress and calcium homeostasis anomalies. DM1 induction of toxic effects has also been demonstrated in other cell types, such as the vascular smooth muscle cell. These genes also provide potential targets for protection. Recent microarray studies demonstrate that numerous genes are up-regulated in an effort to compensate for the toxic effects and preserve metabolically important processes. Microarrays have identified over 2000 differentially regulated genes, some of which are important in metabolism, but only a portion of the genes associated with DM1 were known. Recent studies demonstrated increased DNA damage and subsequent necrosis of the expanded DM1 myotubes. Several studies have shown a direct relationship between the size of the CTG expansion, clinical severity, and dysfunction and highlighted altered gene expression in DM1. Until recently, the mechanisms of how the primary mutant CTG expansion produced the toxic effects were unknown. The genetic basis for the metabolic and toxic effects of DM1 is being unraveled. □□□ □□□ Clip Studio Paint EX 1.9.11 With Premium Materials Crack > Clip Studio Paint EX 1.9.11 With Premium Materials Extra Quality Crack
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